Casa Diablo Hot Springs at the base of the resurgent dome hosts a geothermal power plant. The caldera has an extensive hydrothermal system. The Mono-Inyo Craters erupted from 40,000 to 600 years ago, from a magma source separate from the Long Valley Caldera. The Mono–Inyo Craters are a 25 mi (40 km)-long volcanic chain situated along a narrow, north–south-trending fissure system extending along the western rim of the caldera from Mammoth Mountain to the north shore of Mono Lake.
MAMMOTH MOU TAI SERIES
These domes formed in a long series of eruptions from 110,000 to 57,000 years ago, building a volcano that reaches 11,059 ft (3,371 m) in elevation. Mammoth Mountain is a lava dome complex west of the structural rim of the caldera, consisting of about 12 rhyodacite and dacite overlapping domes. However, the eastern rim is lower, only about 500 ft (150 m). The rim of the caldera is formed from pre-existing rock, rising about 3,000 ft (910 m) above the caldera floor. The Bishop tuff is thousands of feet thick and is cut by the Owens River Gorge, formed during the Pleistocene when the caldera filled with water and overtopped its rim. The southeastern slope from the caldera down towards Bishop, California, is filled with the Bishop Tuff, solidified ash that was ejected during the eruption that created the caldera.
Near the center of the bowl, there is a resurgent dome formed by magmatic uplift. The elevation of the bottom of the bowl ranges from 6,500 to 8,500 ft (2,000 to 2,600 m), being higher in the west. The caldera is a giant bowl-shaped depression, approximately 20 mi (32 km) wide, surrounded by mountains except to the southeast. Ash from this eruption blanketed much of the western part of what is now the United States. The second phase of the eruption released pyroclastic flows that burned and buried thousands of square miles. The eruption emptied the magma chamber under the area to the point of collapse. Long Valley was formed 760,000 years ago when a very large eruption released hot ash that later cooled to form the Bishop tuff that is common to the area. The valley is one of the Earth's largest calderas, measuring about 20 mi (32 km) long (east-west), 11 mi (18 km) wide (north-south), and up to 3,000 ft (910 m) deep. Long Valley Caldera is a depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. Map of Long Valley Caldera Early winter in Long Valley, 2017
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